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Micro-Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing for Intelligent Road: A Comprehensive Review.

Guiping Zheng¹, Chao Xing¹, Lei Zhang¹

¹School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China.

Research (Washington, D.C.)

|March 18, 2026

Summary

Intelligent roads require self-powered sensors due to limitations of traditional systems. This review explores micro-energy harvesting, focusing on piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable road sensing.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Civil Engineering

Background:

Increasing global road mileage and demand for enhanced travel safety necessitate advanced road monitoring.
Conventional road sensing technologies face limitations in lifespan and maintenance costs.
Intelligent roads (IRs) require sustainable and efficient sensing solutions beyond current capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the power supply challenges in distributed sensor networks for intelligent roads.
To critically compare micro-energy harvesting technologies for self-powered road sensing.
To review the practical applications of self-powered sensors, particularly nanogenerators, in road systems.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on power supply bottlenecks in intelligent road sensor networks.
Comparative analysis of micro-energy harvesting technologies suitable for road infrastructure.
Comprehensive survey of self-powered sensor applications, emphasizing piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators.

Main Results:

Existing power sources and cabled systems are insufficient for large-scale intelligent road sensor networks.
Micro-energy harvesting technologies present a viable solution to the power supply bottleneck.
Piezoelectric nanogenerators and triboelectric nanogenerators show significant practical application potential for self-powered road sensing.

Conclusions:

Self-powered sensing solutions are critical for the future of intelligent roads.
Nanogenerator-based technologies offer a promising path towards sustainable and efficient road monitoring.
Further research and development are needed to support the large-scale implementation of self-powered sensing in intelligent road systems.