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When AI takes the wheel: AI-defined vehicles principles and pitfalls
Marco De Vincenzi1, Chiara Bodei2, Ilaria Matteucci1
1Institute of Informatics and Telematics - CNR, Pisa, Italy.
Frontiers in Robotics and AI
|March 18, 2026
Summary
AI-defined vehicles (AIDVs) represent a new era of intelligent machines, evolving beyond traditional cars. This research conceptualizes AIDVs, highlighting their adaptive AI capabilities and integration into intelligent transportation systems.
Area of Science:
- Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
- Intelligent Transportation Systems
Background:
- Modern vehicles are evolving into sophisticated robotic systems with autonomous capabilities.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) is driving a new class of vehicles: AI-defined vehicles (AIDVs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and conceptualize AI-defined vehicles (AIDVs).
- To analyze the defining principles, capabilities, and challenges of AIDVs.
- To distinguish AIDVs from existing vehicle classes.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual analysis of AI-defined vehicles.
- Identification of risks associated with adaptive AI in vehicles.
- Development of a preliminary roadmap for integrating AIDVs into Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
Main Results:
- AIDVs embed interaction, adaptability, sustainability, and ethical governance as core design principles.
- Adaptive AI introduces new risks that require careful management.
- A roadmap for integrating AIDVs into ITS is proposed.
Conclusions:
- AIDVs represent a significant evolution in vehicle technology, moving beyond traditional autonomous driving.
- Addressing the risks of adaptive AI is crucial for the successful and ethical integration of AIDVs into future transportation networks.
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