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Related Concept Videos

Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
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Placental Autophagy: Causes and Consequences.

Alina Maloyan1

  • 1Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA, 97239.

Current Opinion in Physiology
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is vital for placental function. Its dysregulation is linked to pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.

Keywords:
defective autophagydevelopmental programminggestational diabetesmaternal obesitymaternal undernutritionplacentapreeclampsia

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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular catabolic process for degrading and recycling cellular components.
  • Dysfunctional autophagy is implicated in various diseases, including cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, inflammatory conditions, and cancer.
  • Autophagy plays a critical role in normal reproduction and fertility, particularly in placental development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of autophagy in placental function.
  • To examine the impact of autophagy dysregulation in healthy and complicated pregnancies.
  • To highlight the connection between placental autophagy and conditions such as maternal malnutrition, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on autophagy and placental biology.
  • Analysis of research linking autophagy to trophoblast function and syncytialization.
  • Synthesis of findings on autophagy dysregulation in pathological pregnancy states.

Main Results:

  • Placental autophagy is essential for proper trophoblast syncytialization and overall placental health.
  • Altered autophagy contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including those associated with nutritional imbalances, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia.
  • Specific molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy's role in placental adaptation and pathology are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a key regulator of placental function throughout pregnancy.
  • Understanding placental autophagy offers insights into the pathophysiology of pregnancy disorders.
  • Targeting autophagy pathways may present therapeutic strategies for managing pregnancy complications.