Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

12.7K
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
12.7K
Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation01:28

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

16.5K
The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...
16.5K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

10.6K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
10.6K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

1.1K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dynamic reorganisation of intratumoural bacterial florae during colorectal cancer progression.

British journal of cancer·2026
Same author

Elemental Selenium Phase-Change Material for Scalable Ultra-Low-Loss Programmable Photonics.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Saturable absorber mirrors based on layered platinum diselenide.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Single-cell multi-omics analysis reveals cancer regulatory elements of transcriptional programs and clinical implications.

Cell death & disease·2025
Same author

Phase-Change-Assisted Electrostatic Doping Enabling Nonvolatile Programmability of 2D Materials.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Single-cell multi-omics analysis reveals the plasticity of isthmus stem cells in gastric carcinogenesis.

Computers in biology and medicine·2025
Same journal

Zein-Ceria Hybrid Microparticles Enable Long-Term ROS-Scavenging Oxygenation for Osteogenic Microtissues Engineering.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Toward Practical Solid-State Lithium Batteries With High-Nickel Cathodes: An Interface-Centered Perspective.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

A Planarity-Hindrance Co-Balance Strategy to Develop Antiparallel H-Aggregates With Minimal Absorbance Blueshift for Type I Photodynamic Therapy.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Exceptional Rare-Earth Half-Heusler Thermoelectrics With Sublattice Softening.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Co-Assembled Hybrid Interlayer Engineering for Enhanced Upper Interface Stability in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Impact-Resistant Hydrogels Via Quaternary Ammonium-Regulated Networks.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons
07:40

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

Published on: November 15, 2011

19.1K

A Phase-Transition-Driven All-Optical Neuron with Sub-Nanosecond Nonlinear Activation.

Jiabin Shen1,2, Chen Gao1, Anhang Liu3

  • 1College of Integrated Circuits & Micro-Nano Electronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel all-optical neuron using tellurium’s phase transition. This breakthrough achieves picosecond-level response times, significantly accelerating artificial intelligence (AI) processing and enhancing photonic neural network efficiency.

Keywords:
all‐optical neuronphase‐change materialsphotonic neural networkphotonic nonlinear activationtellurium

More Related Videos

Silicon Nanowires and Optical Stimulation for Investigations of Intra- and Intercellular Electrical Coupling
08:58

Silicon Nanowires and Optical Stimulation for Investigations of Intra- and Intercellular Electrical Coupling

Published on: January 28, 2021

5.0K
Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution
08:48

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

Published on: September 5, 2012

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons
07:40

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

Published on: November 15, 2011

19.1K
Silicon Nanowires and Optical Stimulation for Investigations of Intra- and Intercellular Electrical Coupling
08:58

Silicon Nanowires and Optical Stimulation for Investigations of Intra- and Intercellular Electrical Coupling

Published on: January 28, 2021

5.0K
Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution
08:48

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

Published on: September 5, 2012

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Photonic neuromorphic computing offers a path beyond traditional integrated circuit limitations for AI.
  • Nonlinear activation functions are crucial for deep neural networks, but current all-optical neurons lack speed and low thresholds.
  • Optoelectronic hybrid systems suffer from latency and energy inefficiency due to data conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-speed, low-threshold all-optical neuron to overcome current limitations in photonic AI.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of the novel neuron in a deep neural network.
  • To leverage the unique properties of elemental tellurium for advanced computing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the light-induced phase transition in elemental tellurium (Te) to create an all-optical neuron.
  • Integrated a hardware-software approach to test the Te neurons in a three-layer deep neural network.
  • Characterized the neuron's response time and performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an ultrafast picosecond-level response (∼260 ps), nearly two orders of magnitude faster than conventional all-optical technologies.
  • Demonstrated a 100x acceleration in nonlinear activation operations compared to electronic neurons within a deep neural network.
  • Highlighted advantages in feature size, threshold energy, and overall performance metrics due to the phase-transition mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The developed tellurium-based all-optical neuron significantly advances photonic neuromorphic computing.
  • Offers enhanced integration density and energy efficiency for photonic neural networks.
  • Paves the way for overcoming electronic system limitations and ushering in a new era of photonic computing.