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Related Concept Videos

Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
127.0K
Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
545
Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

73.4K
Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...
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Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Elemental Selenium Phase-Change Material for Scalable Ultra-Low-Loss Programmable Photonics.

Wentao Huang1, Hu Wang1, Shanshan Wang1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elemental selenium thin films offer a simple, scalable solution for reconfigurable photonics. These films provide excellent optical properties and stability for advanced light-matter control applications.

Keywords:
elemental phase‐change materialslow‐loss materialsprogramamble photonicsselenium

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photonics
  • Optics

Background:

  • Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are crucial for reconfigurable optics, enabling nonvolatile light-matter control.
  • Existing complex PCMs face challenges in uniform fabrication and switching stability, despite offering low-loss phase-only modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce an elemental, scalable phase-change material for high-performance programmable photonics.
  • To demonstrate the potential of selenium (Se) thin films in advanced optical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of wafer-scale (8-inch) selenium thin films.
  • Characterization of optical properties, including transparency, loss, and refractive index switching (Δn).
  • Assessment of switching stability over one million (10^6) cycles.
  • First-principles calculations to understand the mechanism of refractive index switching.
  • Demonstration of a laser-reconfigurable platform for image generation and beam conversion.

Main Results:

  • Achieved unprecedented uniformity and full near-infrared transparency with ultralow losses across the visible spectrum.
  • Demonstrated high switching stability, sustaining 10^6 reversible cycles without degradation.
  • Observed a giant refractive index switching (Δn ≈ 0.6) attributed to Se helical chain dynamics.
  • Successfully implemented a manufacturable, etch-free platform for dynamic optical functions.

Conclusions:

  • Elemental selenium thin films offer a promising, scalable alternative to complex PCMs for reconfigurable photonics.
  • The unique properties of Se enable a new paradigm for high-performance, device-grade programmable photonic devices.
  • This elemental approach harmonizes atomic simplicity with device scalability for advanced optical applications.