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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
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Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light
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Fiber Waveguide Photoactuator for Long-Distance Polyarticular Manipulation.

Yunhao Ren1, Han Song2, Wenhua Li1

  • 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems of Shaanxi Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an 710072, China.

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|March 18, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New fiber waveguide photoactuators (FWPAs) overcome limitations for space manipulation. These devices offer kilometer-scale control, high stability, and wide temperature tolerance, enabling advanced space applications.

Keywords:
bending losscascading manipulationkilometer-scale manipulationoptical fiberphotoactuatorspace-relevant manipulation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Optics

Background:

  • Fiber waveguide photoactuators (FWPAs) offer advantages for space manipulation like EMI immunity and lightweight design.
  • Existing FWPAs have limitations in manipulation distance, power control, temperature tolerance, and articulation, restricting their space application potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance FWPA overcoming current limitations for enhanced space manipulation capabilities.
  • To explore novel FWPA designs and cascading mechanisms for diverse space applications.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a FWPA utilizing optical fiber bending loss for light power coupling to thermal-sensitive materials.
  • Achieved high optical coupling efficiency (~98.9%) and programmable light power control.
  • Demonstrated kilometer-scale serial polyarticular cascading manipulation with low energy consumption.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a bending angle exceeding 200° with high optical coupling efficiency.
  • Demonstrated kilometer-scale manipulation with low energy consumption (17 mW/°, 53 mW/mN).
  • Exhibited high stability, EMI immunity (<5.5% variation), and wide temperature shock tolerance (-196 to 175 °C).

Conclusions:

  • The developed FWPA meets critical requirements for space-relevant manipulation.
  • Nine fundamental FWPA designs and four cascading devices were created for various space applications like twisting, grasping, and actuation.