A High-Performance and Fully Recyclable Supramolecular Nanofibrous Membrane for Multifunctional Air Filtration

Developing recyclable, multifunctional air purification materials that minimize environmental impact represents a grand challenge in the pursuit of carbon neutrality. Herein, a multifunctional air filtration membrane is prepared through a thermally induced precursor crystallization (TIPC) process that drives the self-assembly of a supramolecular nanofibrous network from melamine (MA) and trimesic acid (TMA). Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, strategically incorporated as heterogeneous nucleation-templating agents, are critical for tailoring the hierarchical network morphology and endowing the membrane with multiple synergistic properties. The resulting membrane delivers exceptional particulate matter (PM) filtration efficiency (99.48% for PM_1.0), potent antimicrobial activity against (Escherichia coli) E. coli (99.4%) and (Staphylococcus aureus) S. aureus (99.8%), and a high formaldehyde removal capacity (95%). Beyond purification, the membrane also demonstrates effective thermal management for wearer comfort and superior UV-blocking (< 0.4% transmittance). Crucially, the inherent thermoreversibility of the supramolecular network enables complete, closed-loop recycling of the membrane using only green solvents under mild conditions. This work presents a comprehensive and sustainable strategy for preparing advanced air filtration materials, demonstrating that high performance, integrated multifunctionality, and complete lifecycle circularity can be co-designed from the molecular level up.