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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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Exploring the Gut-Prostate Axis: Microbial Signatures Linked to Prostate Volume and Bladder Function.

Jonathan Surber1, Marie Lork1, Yasser Morsy2

  • 1Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

The Prostate
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Specific gut bacteria, not overall diversity, correlate with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) severity. Reduced Methanobrevibacter smithii and altered Collinsella/Gastranaerophilales levels are linked to prostate and bladder changes in BPH patients.

Keywords:
BPHbenign prostate hyperplasiamicrobiomeprostate volumeresidual bladder volume

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prevalent in aging men, associated with inflammation and metabolic issues.
  • The gut microbiome is increasingly implicated in prostate health and disease.
  • This study investigates the link between gut microbiota and BPH clinical parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore associations between gut microbiota composition and prostate volume (PV).
  • To examine relationships between gut microbiota and residual bladder volume (RBV).
  • To identify specific bacterial taxa linked to BPH phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of stool samples from 28 patients undergoing surgery.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing for gut microbiota profiling.
  • Stratification by PV and RBV, with diversity and differential abundance analyses.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in overall gut microbial alpha or beta diversity were found based on PV or RBV.
  • Lower abundance of Methanobrevibacter smithii was observed in patients with larger prostate volumes (PV > 40 mL).
  • Distinct microbial profiles were noted in patients with high RBV (≥ 100 mL), including reduced Collinsella and increased Gastranaerophilales.

Conclusions:

  • Specific gut bacterial taxa, rather than overall diversity, are associated with prostate and bladder phenotypes in BPH.
  • These findings support the existence of a gut-prostate axis.
  • Longitudinal studies are needed to explore microbial signatures as potential early indicators for symptomatic BPH.