Oral Side Effects of Isotretinoin Therapy in Acne Patients: A Prospective Study

Isotretinoin is used to treat severe, disfiguring nodular acne. It is effective against acne vulgaris and its systemic adverse effects are documented, but there is limited research on oral side effects.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral side effects associated with isotretinoin therapy in patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris. Particular attention was given to manifestations such as cheilitis, xerostomia, mucosal ulcerations, and gingival changes, as these may affect patient comfort and adherence to therapy.

A prospective study was conducted on 60 patients receiving oral isotretinoin. Comprehensive oral examinations were performed at baseline and repeated at regular intervals throughout the treatment period to monitor for the onset, type, and severity of oral adverse effects. Patient-reported symptoms were also recorded to complement clinical observations.

Cheilitis was the most frequently observed oral side effect, occurring in 45 patients (75%), followed by xerostomia in 30 patients (50%). Less frequent manifestations included mucosal ulcerations (16.7%) and gingival changes (13.3%). All adverse effects were generally mild to moderate in severity and were effectively managed with supportive care without interrupting therapy.

Oral side effects of isotretinoin therapy are predictable, primarily mild to moderate, and manageable with appropriate care. Early recognition, preventive measures, and patient education can minimize discomfort and ensure adherence, allowing patients to safely benefit from the therapeutic effects of isotretinoin.