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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

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The relationship between dietary patterns and neuroinflammation.

Alessandro Medoro1, Giovanni Scapagnini1, Frank B Hu2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|March 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Diet quality impacts brain health by modulating neuroinflammation. Shifting to neuroprotective diets may reduce inflammation and support cognitive function, though more clinical studies are needed.

Keywords:
DASH and MIND dietsWestern dietlow-fat and low-carbohydrate dietsneuroinflammationplant-based diettime-restricted diets

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Dietary patterns significantly influence immunometabolic balance and central nervous system (CNS) health.
  • Neuroinflammation, linked to microglial activation and pro-inflammatory mediators, is a common factor in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
  • The shift towards Western diets has disrupted neuroimmune homeostasis, promoting a pro-inflammatory brain environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of dietary patterns in modulating neuroinflammation.
  • To investigate how nutritional strategies can counteract diet-induced neuroinflammation.
  • To highlight the potential of dietary interventions for brain health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and early clinical evidence on dietary patterns and neuroinflammation.
  • Analysis of the impact of Western vs. evolutionarily adapted diets on the gut-brain axis.
  • Examination of specific dietary approaches like plant-based, DASH, and MIND diets.

Main Results:

  • Western diets promote a pro-inflammatory brain environment via gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation.
  • Neuroprotective diets (e.g., plant-based, DASH, MIND, time-restricted) show potential in reducing microgliosis and inflammation.
  • These diets may improve gut microbiota composition and enhance gut-brain communication.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary patterns are critical modulators of neuroinflammation and brain health.
  • Nutritional strategies offer a promising, feasible approach to mitigate neuroinflammation.
  • Further large-scale clinical validation is required to confirm the efficacy of these dietary interventions.