When Hormones Attack: A Literature Review of Progesterone-Induced Anaphylaxis

Progesterone hypersensitivity is a rare and underdiagnosed condition whose incidence is expected to rise due to the increasing use of assisted reproductive technologies and exogenous progesterone exposure. This review aims to summarize the reported cases of endogenous and exogenous progesterone-induced anaphylaxis, focusing on clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and management options.

A literature search through three data bases identified 25 documented cases of progesterone-induced anaphylaxis. Both endogenous (n = 15) and exogenous (n = 10) exposures were implicated, with severe reactions including grade 4 (n = 12) and grade 5 (n = 1) anaphylaxis. Diagnostic evaluation commonly involved skin testing and challenge procedures, although heterogeneity in protocols was evident. Management strategies varied widely: some patients responded to hormonal modulation, while others required oophorectomy or treatment with monoclonal antibodies. Desensitization protocols were successfully implemented in selected cases, including in the context of in vitro fertilization. PH should be recognized as a potentially life-threatening condition, particularly relevant for women of reproductive age undergoing assisted reproduction or hormonal therapy. By combining clinical insights with published examples of successful diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, this review aims to support clinicians in recognizing progesterone-induced anaphylaxis and implementing patient-centered management. Increased awareness is essential for early diagnosis and individualized treatment.