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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

Published on: October 22, 2014

Altered endothelial function in high-performance military fighter pilots.

Antonio Nesci¹, Alessandro Scagliusi², Vittorio Ruggieri¹

¹Unità di Angiologia e Diagnostica Vascolare Non Invasiva, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari - CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology

|March 19, 2026

Summary

High-performance fighter pilots experience reduced endothelial function after flights, indicated by lower flow-mediated dilation (FMD). This suggests an acute vascular response to flight stressors, necessitating cardiovascular surveillance for aviators.

Keywords:

acceleration aviation physiology cardiovascular disease endothelial dysfunction flow-mediated dilation

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Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

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Published on: October 22, 2014

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Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000

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Published on: October 15, 2010

Area of Science:

Aerospace Medicine
Cardiovascular Physiology
Endothelial Function

Background:

High-performance fighter pilots face extreme physiological stressors, particularly high +Gz accelerations.
These stressors may negatively impact aviators' vascular health and endothelial function.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate endothelial function in Eurofighter Typhoon (F-2000A) pilots compared to non-high-G aircraft pilots.
To assess the impact of flight sorties on vascular response using flow-mediated dilation (FMD).

Main Methods:

Assessed flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in 20 F-2000A pilots and 19 control pilots.
Measurements were taken before and after flight sorties to evaluate vascular response.
Analyzed changes in FMD and arterial diameter between and within pilot groups.

Main Results:

A significant decrease in FMD was observed across all pilots post-flight (p < 0.05).
F-2000A pilots showed a larger absolute reduction in FMD compared to controls, though not statistically significant.
F-2000A pilots exhibited smaller resting arterial diameters and a significant post-flight increase in baseline vessel caliber.

Conclusions:

Flight activities induce an acute endothelial response in high-performance aviators.
Findings support the use of FMD as a non-invasive marker for vascular function in aeromedical follow-up.
Continued cardiovascular surveillance is crucial for high-performance aviators.