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Enhancing second harmonic generation-mediated photodynamic therapy via external electric field modulation.

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  • 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.

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Summary

This study shows that an electric field (EEF) can boost photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectiveness against bacteria. Applying EEF enhances light generation from nanoparticles, leading to better bacterial killing in PDT treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses light-activated photosensitizers (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for bacterial destruction.
  • Current PDT efficacy is limited by poor light penetration, requiring novel enhancement strategies.
  • Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) via harmonic nanoparticles (HNPs) offers a way to increase light frequency for improved PDT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of an electric field (EEF) on SHG intensity for enhanced PDT.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Bismuth Ferrite (BFO)-protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and Barium Titanate (BT)-PPIX conjugates under varying EEF levels against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized BFO-PPIX and BT-PPIX conjugates with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX).
  • Applied electric fields (EEF) of 0 V, 10 V, and 20 V for 5 minutes.
  • Excited samples using a near-infrared (NIR) femtosecond pulsed laser at 798 nm.

Main Results:

  • EEF significantly enhanced SHG intensity, leading to improved photodynamic activity.
  • BFO-PPIX conjugates reduced S. aureus survival to 35.8% with EEF, compared to 48.1% without.
  • BT-PPIX conjugates showed reduced bacterial survival from 78.4% to 57.1% with EEF.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the first study of EEF-modulated SHG in PDT.
  • EEF effectively augments SHG intensity in HNPs-PPIX conjugates, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
  • Optimized EEF shows significant potential for improving SHG-enhanced PDT against bacterial infections.