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Velocity Loss During Resistance Training: Implications for Concurrent Training Adaptations.

Rafael Matías Tundidor-Duque1,2,3, Irineu Loturco4,5, Jose Antonio Paéz-Maldondado1,6

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Concurrent training (CT) with higher velocity loss (VL) thresholds during resistance training (RT) maximizes muscle gains. However, fatigue from RT may hinder endurance adaptations in CT.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Concurrent training (CT) combines resistance training (RT) and endurance training (ET).
  • Optimizing CT protocols requires understanding the impact of different training intensities and fatigue levels.
  • Velocity loss (VL) during RT is a potential indicator of training intensity and fatigue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of varying velocity loss (VL) thresholds during RT within a CT program.
  • To examine the impact of different VL thresholds on strength, endurance, neuromuscular, and hypertrophic adaptations.
  • To compare CT with different VL thresholds against endurance training (ET) alone.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-one moderately trained men participated in an 8-week CT program.
  • Groups were assigned to CT with RT at 0% (VL0), 15% (VL15), or 40% (VL40) VL, or ET alone.
  • CT involved squat-based RT followed by running at 90%-105% of maximal aerobic speed (MAS), performed twice weekly.

Main Results:

  • All CT groups increased muscle mass, with VL40 showing the most significant gains.
  • Maximal aerobic speed (MAS) improved in all groups, with ET yielding the greatest improvements; lower VL in CT correlated with higher effect sizes for MAS.
  • VL15 and VL40 demonstrated superior gains in one-repetition maximum (1RM) and strength compared to ET, which showed no strength improvements and reduced rate of force development.

Conclusions:

  • Concurrent training enhances both strength and endurance performance.
  • Higher VL thresholds in RT (VL15, VL40) promote greater hypertrophic and strength adaptations within CT.
  • Fatigue induced during RT may potentially attenuate endurance adaptations in CT, while ET alone improves aerobic capacity but can impair neuromuscular function.