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Global differences in thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism among children with type 1 diabetes: data from the

Dalia Al-Abdulrazzaq1, Stefanie Lazinger2, Maja Raicevic3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait; Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|March 19, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism are common in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Prevalence varies globally, with South America showing the highest rates, highlighting the need for region-specific screening strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Global health disparities

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is frequently associated with other autoimmune conditions.
  • Thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism are common comorbidities in children with T1D.
  • Understanding global variations in these comorbidities is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global differences in the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism in children with T1D.
  • To identify characteristics associated with these thyroid conditions in a pediatric T1D population.
  • To analyze data from the SWEET database for insights into regional disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the SWEET database (2012-2022).
  • Inclusion of children aged ≤18 years with T1D and thyroid screening information.
  • Statistical analysis to determine prevalence and associated predictive factors.

Main Results:

  • 19,225 children met the inclusion criteria.
  • Overall prevalence: 13.2% for thyroid autoimmunity and 9.9% for hypothyroidism.
  • Highest adjusted prevalence in South America (16.3% autoimmunity, 17.1% hypothyroidism).
  • Predictive factors include age, gender, region, diabetes duration, and BMI-Z scores.

Conclusions:

  • Significant regional disparities exist in thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism among children with T1D.
  • Genetic and environmental factors may underlie these geographical differences.
  • Development of region-specific screening strategies is recommended for early detection and improved outcomes.
Abstract

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