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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

9.7K
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
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Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

10.9K
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
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Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
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Sequence- and Stereocontrolled Ring-Opening/Cross Metathesis Polymerization.

Yali Zhou1, Bo Chen1, Jian Wang1

  • 1Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new cascade metathesis polymerization method for creating complex polymers. It uses a chiral catalyst to precisely control the sequence of ring-opening and cross metathesis reactions.

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Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Cascade metathesis polymerization enables complex polymer synthesis.
  • Controlling polymer sequence with reactive monomers is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a sequence-regulated cascade metathesis polymerization.
  • To overcome challenges posed by highly reactive monomers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 14-electron, chiral cationic Grubbs-type catalyst.
  • Employed sequential ring-opening metathesis and cross metathesis reactions.
  • Used monomers with highly strained cyclopropene and terminal alkene groups.

Main Results:

  • Achieved asymmetric, cascade ring-opening/cross metathesis polymerization.
  • Demonstrated precision control over alternating polymer sequences.
  • Produced polymers with all-cis alkenes and high enantioselectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a novel method for sequence-controlled polymer synthesis.
  • The chiral catalyst effectively orchestrates sequential metathesis reactions.
  • This approach yields complex polymers with defined stereochemistry.