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Updated: Mar 21, 2026
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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
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Prenatal Fentanyl Exposure Association With Characteristic Neonatal Anomalies.
Journal of Addiction Medicine
|March 20, 2026
Summary
This study investigated Fetal Fentanyl Syndrome (FFS) in pregnant individuals using fentanyl. Researchers identified potential FFS cases, finding characteristic anomalies in neonates, suggesting a link between fentanyl use and these birth defects.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Neonatal Health
- Toxicology
Background:
- Fentanyl use during pregnancy is a growing concern.
- Previously described anomalies suggest a potential Fetal Fentanyl Syndrome (FFS).
- Limited data exists on the prevalence and characteristics of FFS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the presence of Fetal Fentanyl Syndrome (FFS) in a cohort of pregnant individuals with active fentanyl use.
- To identify specific anomalies associated with prenatal fentanyl exposure.
- To assess the potential link between maternal fentanyl use and neonatal outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A case series study analyzed data from obstetric patients with substance use disorder from 2014-2024.
- Suspected FFS was defined by small head circumference and other specific anomalies.
- Database screening identified cases with findings consistent with FFS.
Main Results:
- Of 639 enrolled patients, 51 reported recent fentanyl use.
- Four neonates from mothers with confirmed fentanyl use displayed anomalies consistent with FFS.
- Observed anomalies included lagging head growth, cleft palate, and hypospadias.
Conclusions:
- Approximately 7.8% of neonates from mothers reporting fentanyl use showed signs of FFS.
- FFS is a proposed syndrome requiring further investigation and caution in interpretation.
- More research is needed to confirm the association and understand long-term developmental effects.
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