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Impact of Nirsevimab on Pediatric RSV-Related Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Pre-Post

Francesco Nieddu1, Marta Verzieri1,2, Marina Vignoli1

  • 1Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy.

Infectious Diseases and Therapy
|March 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Universal nirsevimab prophylaxis significantly reduced infant respiratory infections and healthcare utilization. This included fewer emergency department visits and hospitalizations, demonstrating nirsevimab

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Immunoprophylaxis

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of infant respiratory illness and hospitalizations.
  • Nirsevimab offers universal protection for infants during their first RSV season.
  • Real-world data on nirsevimab's impact on pediatric emergency department (ED) visits are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the public health impact of universal nirsevimab prophylaxis.
  • To assess changes in pediatric ED attendances and hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, observational, pre-post intervention study.
  • Comparison of the 2024-25 RSV season (nirsevimab implementation) with three prior seasons.
  • Analysis of ED attendances, hospitalizations, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions for LRTIs.

Main Results:

  • Overall ED attendances for LRTIs decreased by 67.3%.
  • Hospital admissions for LRTIs fell by 64.7%, and PICU admissions by 86.2%.
  • RSV-confirmed LRTIs saw a 96.5% decline.

Conclusions:

  • Universal nirsevimab prophylaxis substantially reduced the burden of infant respiratory infections.
  • Significant decreases in healthcare resource utilization, including ED visits and hospitalizations, were observed.
  • Nirsevimab demonstrated a marked positive impact on pediatric healthcare.
Abstract

Keywords:
Lower respiratory tract infectionsNirsevimabPediatric respiratory infectionsPublic health impactRespiratory syncytial virus

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