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Related Concept Videos

Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
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Semantic barriers:
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Barriers to Effective Communication I01:30

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A communication barrier is any distortion or interruption during a conversation, resulting in miscommunication of the message. A good communicator should know these barriers and continuously check for the listener's understanding by obtaining feedback.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

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Barriers to Occupational and Physical Therapy Utilization for Children With Cancer.

Maria C Swartz1,2, Shiming Zhang3, Donna Kelly4

  • 1Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

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|March 20, 2026
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Summary

Referrals and utilization of occupational and physical therapy (OT/PT) for pediatric cancer patients are limited by age, outpatient status, and diagnosis. Strategies are needed to improve access to these crucial rehabilitation services.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Occupational and physical therapy (OT/PT) referrals and utilization for pediatric cancer patients are understudied.
  • Identifying barriers to OT/PT is crucial for improving care for children with cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing OT/PT referrals and utilization in pediatric cancer patients.
  • To identify barriers to accessing rehabilitation services in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of pediatric cancer patients (up to 18.99 years) over 33.5 months.
  • Extracted data from electronic medical records including demographics, cancer type, treatment, and OT/PT referral/completion rates.
  • Utilized mixed-effect logistic regression models to analyze influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Overall OT/PT referral rates were 55.1% for inpatients and 22.5% for outpatients.
  • Completion rates for referred patients were 32.6% (inpatients) and 13.7% (outpatients).
  • Older age (18-19 years), outpatient setting, and leukemia diagnosis were associated with lower OT/PT utilization.

Conclusions:

  • Key barriers to rehabilitation include older age, outpatient setting, and specific cancer diagnoses like leukemia.
  • Further research is needed to develop strategies, such as patient navigation and automated referrals, to enhance OT/PT service utilization.
  • Improving access to OT/PT is vital for optimizing functional outcomes in pediatric cancer survivors.