Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

8.7K
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
8.7K
Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity01:25

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

10.7K
Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and...
10.7K
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

708
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
708

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improving validity and efficiency of digital dyslexia screening through trial-by-trial feedback.

Psychological assessment·2026
Same author

Signposts on the Path From Nominal to Ordinal Scales: Moving From a Discrete to a Continuous View.

Educational and psychological measurement·2026
Same author

Explanatory item response models for continuous data: A tutorial in R.

Behavior research methods·2026
Same author

Evaluating Model Predictive Performance in Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Binary Outcomes Using the InterModel Vigorish.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same author

Faking in High-Stakes Personality Assessments: A Response-Time-Based Latent Response Mixture Modeling Approach.

Educational and psychological measurement·2026
Same author

The Propensity for Aggressive Behavior and Lifetime Incarceration Risk: A Test for Gene-environment Interaction (G×E) Using Whole-genome Data.

Aggression and violent behavior·2026
Same journal

A Simple Approach for Differential Test Functioning Based on Sum Scores.

Educational and psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

Evaluating Factor Retention in Large Factor Analysis Models: A Simulation Study Comparing 15 Methods.

Educational and psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

Agreement and Alignment in Binary Rating Tasks: Strategic Convergence as an Equilibrium Outcome.

Educational and psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

Interactions Between Termination Criteria and Ability Estimators in Computerized Adaptive Testing.

Educational and psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

Identification and Diagnosis of Misreporting in Surveys.

Educational and psychological measurement·2026
Same journal

The Aggregated Latent Profile Index: Measuring Person Profile Differentiation Within a Bootstrap-Validated Latent Profile Space.

Educational and psychological measurement·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
08:35

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Published on: January 22, 2016

12.9K

Conditional Dependencies Between Response Time and Item Discrimination: An Item-Level Meta-Analysis.

Joshua B Gilbert1, William S Young1, Zachary Himmelsbach2

  • 1Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Educational and Psychological Measurement
|March 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Response time (RT) data offers new insights into item discrimination in assessments. Residual RT, not average RT, significantly predicts item discrimination, though relationships are complex and variable.

Keywords:
Item Response Theoryitem discriminationprocess datapsychometricsresponse time

More Related Videos

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.9K
Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 8, 2026

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
08:35

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Published on: January 22, 2016

12.9K
Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.9K
Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Educational Measurement
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Traditionally, response time (RT) in psychometrics primarily examines speed-accuracy trade-offs.
  • The relationship between RT and item discrimination, a key measure of assessment quality, is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a model for simultaneously estimating RT and item discrimination relationships.
  • To investigate these relationships at person, item, and residual levels using a large-scale meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • An item-level meta-analysis of 40 empirical datasets (1.84 million responses).
  • Proposed a novel statistical model for joint analysis of RT and item discrimination.
  • Employed flexible generalized additive models to explore curvilinear relationships.

Main Results:

  • No significant average differences in item discrimination based on item time intensity or person average RT.
  • Residual RT strongly and negatively predicts item discrimination (pooled coefficient = -0.27% per 1% RT difference).
  • The relationship between residual RT and item discrimination is generally curvilinear, peaking near average RT.

Conclusions:

  • Response time data provides valuable, yet variable, insights into the measurement properties of assessments.
  • Residual RT is a crucial factor influencing item discrimination, highlighting its importance beyond simple speed.
  • Future research should consider the complex, non-linear interplay between response times and assessment quality.