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Adaptive noise reduction and speech intelligibility using shape memory metamaterial-based hearing protection

Musa'ab Ejaz1, Nabihah Sallih1, Venkata Somi Reddy Janga1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New pressure level-dependent earmuffs allow speech while blocking hazardous noise. This shape memory metamaterial prototype improves hearing protection and communication for workers, with 85% preferring it over traditional options.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Acoustical Engineering
  • Occupational Safety

Background:

  • Conventional passive earmuffs (SNR 28-32 dB) block hazardous noise but also essential low-intensity sounds like speech.
  • This communication barrier leads workers to remove earmuffs, increasing accident risk.
  • Pressure level-dependent earmuffs offer a solution by selectively filtering sound based on intensity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the speech intelligibility and hearing protection of a novel pressure level-dependent passive earmuff prototype.
  • To assess the efficacy of shape memory metamaterial inserts in selective sound filtration.
  • To compare user experience with the prototype against commercially available earmuffs.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a pressure level-dependent passive earmuff prototype utilizing shape memory metamaterial inserts.
  • Controlled environment testing of hearing protection and speech intelligibility.
  • Numerical simulations of earmuff components to optimize noise reduction across various sound intensities.

Main Results:

  • The prototype maintains an in-ear sound pressure level below 82 dB across frequencies, even with external noise up to 110 dB.
  • Fair speech intelligibility was achieved in both quiet and noisy conditions.
  • 85% of participants preferred the prototype over conventional earmuffs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed shape memory metamaterial earmuffs effectively balance hearing protection with speech communication.
  • This technology offers a promising solution for improving safety and usability in noisy work environments.
  • User preference data supports the potential adoption of this advanced hearing protection technology.