Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.4K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.4K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

17.8K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
17.8K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

13.3K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
13.3K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

3.2K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
3.2K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

14.9K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
14.9K
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

13.4K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
13.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In vivo assessment of naringenin-mediated amelioration of lead-induced testicular injury in rats: regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 and PINK1/Parkin pathways.

Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering·2026
Same author

High-Entropy Perovskite Oxide Enables Visible-Light-Driven Overall Water Splitting via "inner-Z-Scheme" Pathway.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Myeloid ATF3 Protects Against Liver Fibrosis by Modulating the Extracellular Microenvironment and Macrophage Inflammatory Signaling.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

Ferroelectricity in Nonstoichiometric SrTiO<sub>3</sub> at the 2D Limit.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Soft tactile chip with in-situ sensing for haptic rendering and reverse feedback enhanced gross to fine teleoperation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The biological clock in parkinson's disease: mechanisms and chronotherapy.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
05:47

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Published on: August 7, 2018

8.2K

High-Entropy Spinel Gallate Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Water Oxidation.

Meiyun Li1,2, Lejuan Cai3, Hao Ling1,2

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|March 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel high-entropy spinel oxide (Ga1.5-HES) for efficient visible-light-driven water splitting. This advanced photocatalyst facilitates oxygen evolution and overall water splitting, offering a promising solution for solar energy conversion.

More Related Videos

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
05:41

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

Published on: February 11, 2016

10.2K
Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
05:47

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Published on: August 7, 2018

8.2K
Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
05:41

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

Published on: February 11, 2016

10.2K
Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photocatalysis
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • High-entropy metal oxides (HMOs) are a novel class of materials with potential for advanced photocatalysis.
  • Visible-light-driven water splitting is crucial for sustainable hydrogen production.
  • Developing efficient and stable photocatalysts remains a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a gallate-based high-entropy spinel oxide (Ga1.5-HES) for visible-light-driven oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
  • To investigate the effect of reduced Ga to transition metal ratio on the spinel structure and catalytic activity.
  • To evaluate the performance of Ga1.5-HES in photocatalytic water splitting.

Main Methods:

  • Rational synthesis of Fe0.3Co0.3Ni0.3Cu0.3Zn0.3Ga1.5O4 (Ga1.5-HES) with a modified spinel structure.
  • Characterization of electronic structure, bandgap, and band-edge positions.
  • Photocatalytic activity testing for OER under visible light irradiation.
  • Integration into a mediator-assisted indirect Z-scheme for overall water splitting.

Main Results:

  • The Ga1.5-HES photocatalyst exhibits a narrow bandgap (∼2.15 eV) and suitable band-edge positions for water oxidation.
  • Optimized occupation of tetrahedral and octahedral sites by transition metals leads to mixed valence states and enhanced OER activity.
  • Achieved an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of ∼1.7% at 450 nm for OER without a cocatalyst.
  • Enabled stoichiometric overall water splitting when used in an indirect Z-scheme system.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized gallate-based high-entropy spinel oxide (Ga1.5-HES) is an effective visible-light-driven photocatalyst for OER.
  • Tailoring the composition and structure of HMOs offers a promising strategy for advanced solar fuel production.
  • Ga1.5-HES demonstrates potential for efficient solar-driven water splitting applications.