Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome and Life Expectancy in U.S. Adults

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Nephrology
• Metabolic Diseases
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a growing global health concern due to clustered risk factors.
• While relative mortality risks are known, the impact of CKM syndrome on life expectancy is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify the association between CKM syndrome and life expectancy in U.S. adults.
• To analyze how this association varies by sex and race/ethnicity.

Main Methods:

• Utilized data from 20,764 U.S. adults (≥30 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018).
• Defined CKM syndrome stages (0-4) using questionnaires, physical exams, and lab tests.
• Estimated life expectancy using life table methods.

Main Results:

• Life expectancy decreased with advancing CKM syndrome stages, with stage 3/4 showing a significant reduction.
• Men with stage 0 CKM syndrome had a 5.80-year advantage over stage 3/4, while women had a 7.39-year advantage.
• CKM stages 2 and 3/4 were linked to increased cardiovascular mortality.
• Mexican Americans faced the largest reduction in life expectancy (12.72 years) compared to White (6.55 years) and Black (5.93 years) participants.

Conclusions:

• Advanced CKM syndrome (stage 3/4) substantially reduces life expectancy.
• Mexican Americans are disproportionately affected, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.
• Early detection and management of CKM syndrome are crucial for mitigating life expectancy loss.