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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

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Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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Targeting Autophagy with Bioactive Compounds: Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Arun Kumar Singh1, Anuradha Kush2, Bharat Bhushan3

  • 1Department of pharmacy Vivekanand global university Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Current Neuropharmacology
|March 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting autophagy, the cell

Keywords:
Neurodegenerative disordersalzheimer’s diseaseamyotrophic lateral sclerosisautophagybioactive compounds.parkinson’s disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) involve protein misfolding and impaired cellular clearance.
  • Autophagy, a key cellular degradation pathway, is crucial for neuronal health and proteostasis.
  • Autophagy dysfunction is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and ALS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review autophagy mechanisms and their dysfunction in major NDs.
  • To explore bioactive compounds as therapeutic modulators of autophagic flux.
  • To discuss novel delivery systems for enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on autophagy and neurodegeneration.
  • Analysis of bioactive compounds (flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids) targeting autophagy.
  • Examination of nanotechnology for drug delivery in NDs.

Main Results:

  • Bioactive compounds can modulate autophagic flux to clear toxic protein aggregates (amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein).
  • Autophagy induction shows potential to alleviate neurodegenerative pathology.
  • Nanotechnology can improve the bioavailability and efficacy of autophagy-modulating compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating autophagy holds therapeutic promise for neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Context- and stage-specific autophagy modulation is crucial for efficacy.
  • Further research is needed to translate these findings into clinical applications.