Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

30
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
30
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

2
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
2
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

28
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
28
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

2
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
2
Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

2.1K
The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
2.1K
Parasympathetic Signaling01:30

Parasympathetic Signaling

3.9K
Parasympathetic signaling plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. It involves the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by parasympathetic neurons, which can have localized and short-lived effects. The majority of ACh released is rapidly inactivated at the synapse by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes Ach into choline and acetate. Additionally, the tissue cholinesterase deactivates any ACh diffusing into the surrounding tissues.
The effects of...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Garcinia indica</i>: A Multifaceted Phytomedicine Bridging Nutrition and Therapy.

Current drug research reviews·2026
Same author

Functional regeneration of complex ballistic trauma via herbal extract and antibiotic loaded multilayered nanofibrous hydrogel scaffold.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Interrelationship Between Depression and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Using HADS, PHQ-9, BDI, CES-D, SDS, and DAS28 Tools.

Current rheumatology reviews·2026
Same author

Patient-reported time toxicity with bispecific antibody therapies in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The oncologist·2026
Same author

Next-Generation Biomaterials for Neuroendovascular Devices: The Potential of Niobium, Tantalum, and Advanced Cobalt Alloys.

World neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Harnessing Nanocarriers to Modulate Gut Inflammation: A New Era in IBD Management.

Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery·2026
Same journal

Neuroprotection Through Nature: The Role of Bioactive Phytocompounds in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.

Current neurovascular research·2026
Same journal

In Silico Prediction, Characterization, and Pre-clinical Appraisal of the Neuroprotective Effect of the Methanolic Extract of Cassytha filiformis.

Current neurovascular research·2026
Same journal

Retrospective External Validation of the ELAPSS Score for the Prediction of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Growth Risk.

Current neurovascular research·2026
Same journal

Therapeutic Potential of Natural Chalcones Against Alzheimer's Disease: A Mechanistic Insight.

Current neurovascular research·2026
Same journal

Therapeutic Potential of a Phytochemical-rich Herbal Formulation (Ezenus) in the Modulation of Stress and Anxiety-related Behaviors: Evidence from Preclinical Models.

Current neurovascular research·2026
Same journal

Ferroptosis Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 (TFRC) Improves the Functional Prognosis After Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Gut Microbiota: A Mendelian Randomization and Mediation Analysis.

Current neurovascular research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice
07:49

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: June 2, 2022

4.0K

Molecular Pathways of Microbiota-derived Neuromodulation: An Integrative View.

Supreet Kaur1, Nishtha Bhandari1, Shushank Mahajan1

  • 1Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.

Current Neurovascular Research
|March 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota influences brain function by affecting neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. Modulating gut microbes through diet or probiotics shows promise for treating neurological disorders.

Keywords:
GABAGut microbiotaMicrobiota gut-brain axisSCFAscerebrovascular inflammationdysbiosisendothelial dysfunctionfaecal microbiota transplantationmicrobiota-derived metabolitesneuroinflammationpsychobiotics.

More Related Videos

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
09:18

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis

Published on: July 28, 2023

3.7K
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice
07:49

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: June 2, 2022

4.0K
A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
09:18

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis

Published on: July 28, 2023

3.7K
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem, is crucial for human physiology, neurobiology, and disease.
  • It interacts with the nervous system through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, involving endocrine, immunological, and neural pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationships between the gut microbiota and the nervous system via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
  • To discuss the impact of gut microbes on neurotransmitter production and brain function.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major scientific databases.
  • Keywords included "gut microbiota," "microbiota-gut-brain axis," and specific neurotransmitters and interventions.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota significantly impacts key neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and norepinephrine, essential for brain function.
  • Gut inflammation is linked to various diseases, and gut dysbiosis has been implicated in historical pandemics.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary changes offer novel therapeutic strategies for mental and neurological health.
  • Personalized microbiome modulation holds potential for future therapeutic applications targeting the gut-brain axis, though human translation remains challenging.