Nighttime light-corrected dynamic resistance optimization of ecological security patterns through ecosystem service...

With the increase of global climate change and human disruptions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, sustainability of ecological conservation versus regional development has become a central challenge towards sustainable management. The present research presents a new multidimensional ecological security pattern (ESP) measurement system. The framework estimates human activity intensity by using Luojia-1 data on nighttime lights to modify ecological resistance surfaces to enhance the ecological corridor definition. Using ordered weighted averaging (OWA) algorithms for ecosystem service trade-off models and a sensitivity assessment system with seven ecological factors, this study identifies 13 ecological source areas and 36 potential ecological corridors totaling 10,531.54 km, with the longest corridor measuring 2423.05 km. 20 strategic ecological nodes are also identified to increase ecological network connectivity and resilience. High-sensitivity regions occupy 20.15% of the area, and the ecological source areas are located near the Qinghai-Tibet border, which reflects the significance of collaborative governance. This study establishes a new benchmark in establishing scientific and practical ecological security patterns in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other plateau ecosystems around the world to ensure the spatial application of national ecological security plans and climate-adaptive ecological management plans.