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Microenvironment-driven interactions between mobile genetic elements and defense systems modulate the plastisphere

Rong Xia1, Jose Luis Balcazar2, Jingqiu Liao3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biodegradable plastics in water pose a higher antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risk due to increased mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This synergy drives the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), impacting water security.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Aquatic ecology
  • Antimicrobial resistance

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic environments is a growing concern.
  • The role of the plastisphere, particularly biodegradable plastics, in AMR dissemination is not well understood.
  • Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and defense systems (DSs) are key factors in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of MGEs and DSs on the riverine plastisphere resistome.
  • To compare AMR risk between biodegradable (corn starch, polylactic acid) and conventional (polypropylene, polyethylene) plastics.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving ARG amplification in aquatic environments.

Main Methods:

  • In situ cultivation of riverine microbial communities on different plastic types.
  • Resistome risk index assessment.
  • Random forest modeling to identify drivers of AMR.
  • Quantification of MGE proliferation and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events.

Main Results:

  • Biodegradable plastics (corn starch, polylactic acid) exhibited higher resistome risk indices than conventional plastics (polypropylene, polyethylene).
  • Rich nutrients and oxidative stress in corn starch plastispheres promoted MGE proliferation and HGT.
  • Phage-carried auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) potentially enhanced the adaptation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB).
  • Synergistic interactions between MGEs and DSs were observed, with ARB actively participating in HGT.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable plastics contribute significantly to AMR risk in aquatic ecosystems.
  • The interplay between MGEs and DSs drives elevated AMR in biodegradable plastispheres.
  • Findings highlight implications for water security and microbial safety, emphasizing the need for careful material selection in aquatic applications.