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Evolutionary trajectory of Triticeae GATA transcription factors pinpoints TaGATA26-5A and TaGATA31.1-2B as regulators
Fang Zeng1, Jingfei Ma1, Hongyan Zhao1
1The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Abstract:
GATA transcription factors (TFs) are essential regulators of plant development and stress adaptation. Although certain GATA genes have been functionally characterized in model species and identified in staple crops, the evolutionary history and divergence of this gene family within the Triticeae tribe remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified 318 GATA genes across seven Triticeae species, classifying them into seven subgroups (I-VII). Comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed that the family's expansion was driven by ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) and lineage-specific gene duplication events. Comprehensive transcriptomics profiling revealed divergent expression patterns among the duplicated TaGATA members and highlighted TaGATA26-5A as a drought-responsive gene. Heterologous expression of TaGATA26-5A in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic plants by modulating stomatal aperture and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves. Additionally, we characterized the Triticeae-specific tandemly duplicated TaGATA31 copies, among which the ancestral copy TaGATA31.1 showed specific responsiveness to low-phosphate (LP) stress. Functional validation through dual-luciferase and yeast assays confirmed TaGATA31.1-2B as a positive regulator of LP tolerance. This study elucidates the evolutionary dynamics of Triticeae GATA genes and identifies TaGATA26-5A and TaGATA31.1-2B as promising candidates for breeding stress-resilient wheat varieties.
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