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Pulmonary Function in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Dafni Moriki1, Ioannis Drosakis1, Despoina Koumpagioti2
13rd Department of Pediatrics, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Pediatric Pulmonology
|March 22, 2026
Summary
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to subtle lung issues, particularly reduced diffusing capacity, even when breathing tests appear normal. Further research is needed to understand the long-term impact of these pulmonary findings in children with IBD.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Gastroenterology
- Systemic Inflammatory Diseases
Background:
- Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition.
- Pulmonary involvement in pediatric IBD is often subclinical and underdiagnosed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze pulmonary function in children diagnosed with IBD.
- To identify consistent pulmonary abnormalities in pediatric IBD patients.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed and Scopus for observational studies up to June 2025.
- Inclusion of studies reporting pulmonary function tests in patients under 18 with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC).
- Qualitative synthesis and random-effects meta-analysis of data; quality appraisal using NIH tools.
Main Results:
- Eight studies with 395 pediatric patients (244 CD, 151 UC) were analyzed.
- Spirometry indices (FEV1% predicted, FVC% predicted, FEV1/FVC) and lung volumes (TLC% predicted) were largely preserved.
- Reduced diffusing capacity (DLCO% predicted) was the most consistent abnormality, though not statistically significant (p=0.09).
Conclusions:
- Pediatric IBD is associated with subclinical pulmonary involvement.
- Reduced diffusing capacity is the most consistent pulmonary finding in pediatric IBD.
- Longitudinal studies are required to determine the clinical significance and progression of these pulmonary changes.
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