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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

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Autoimmunity, diet and autophagy.

Sébastien Blaise1, Sylviane Muller2

  • 1CNRS and University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unit Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Reims, France.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|March 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutrition significantly impacts autoimmune diseases by modulating autophagy, a cellular recycling process. Dietary factors influence immune tolerance, with deficiencies or overnutrition affecting disease activity and susceptibility.

Keywords:
AutophagyImmunonutritionInflammationNutrientsPrevention/management of autoimmune diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Autophagy is a critical cellular pathway linking nutrient availability to immune regulation and quality control.
  • Dietary exposures are increasingly recognized as key modulators of metabolic inflammation and immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how nutrition shapes autophagic pathways in immune and metabolic tissues, influencing autoimmune susceptibility and disease activity.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms by which dietary signals impact immune homeostasis and autoimmune pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of current molecular and cellular insights from existing literature.
  • Discussion of nutrient-sensing pathways (mTORC1, AMPK, SIRT1) regulating autophagy.
  • Examination of genetic and experimental evidence on autophagy's role in immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Dietary deficiencies (e.g., vitamin D, omega-3) impair immune regulation, while overnutrition promotes inflammation and compromises gut barrier integrity.
  • Autophagy plays crucial roles in lymphocyte function, antigen presentation, and cytokine regulation; defects exacerbate autoimmune responses.
  • Nutrient-sensing pathways and dietary patterns (fasting vs. obesogenic diets) bidirectionally affect autophagic competence and cellular stress.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrition profoundly influences autoimmune diseases via autophagy, with potential for precision immunonutrition strategies.
  • Individualized interventions integrating genetic, microbiota, metabolic, and autophagy data may guide adjunctive therapies for autoimmune conditions.