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In Situ Self-Nanostructuring Enables Fast-Recharging of an Aqueous-Processed Organic Small Molecule Cathode.

Kyunam Lee1, Illia E Serdiuk2, Joohwan Eo3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel small-molecule organic cathode material, 1,3,5-tris(3-vinyl-10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)benzene (V3PXZ), for high-performance batteries. This material forms insoluble polymers in situ, enhancing stability and enabling rapid charging with high capacity utilization.

Keywords:
electrochemical polymerizationorganic batteryorganic electrodephenoxazinepostcrosslinking

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Redox-active organic materials (ROMs) offer sustainable alternatives to inorganic battery cathodes.
  • High-performance organic cathodes face challenges balancing stability (insolubility) and processability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a small-molecule organic cathode material that overcomes the stability-processability trade-off.
  • To enable high capacity utilization and rate capability in organic batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of 1,3,5-tris(3-vinyl-10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)benzene (V3PXZ).
  • In situ electrochemical crosslinking to form insoluble network polymers.
  • Fabrication of aqueous-processed electrodes with high active material content.

Main Results:

  • V3PXZ undergoes novel electrochemical coupling, forming nonconjugated polymers without by-products.
  • In situ crosslinking creates insoluble polymers and self-nanostructured electrodes with high surface area.
  • Aqueous-processed V3PXZ cathodes achieve high cycling stability and rapid rate capability (56% capacity in 36s).

Conclusions:

  • V3PXZ successfully overcomes the insolubilization vs. processability challenge in organic cathodes.
  • The in situ electrochemical crosslinking and self-nanostructuring enable high-performance, sustainable batteries.
  • This approach facilitates the development of high-content, aqueous-processed organic electrodes.