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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

7.6K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use01:23

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

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Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
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Instrumentation Amplifier01:25

Instrumentation Amplifier

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An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...
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Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring01:23

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

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Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
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Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiography in Practice: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Hak Seung Lee1,2, Philip M Croon3,4,5, Min Sung Lee1,6

  • 1Digital Healthcare Institute, Sejong Medical Research Institute, Bucheon, Korea.

Korean Circulation Journal
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiography (AI-ECG) is advancing rapidly, showing accuracy in diagnosing heart conditions and enabling risk monitoring. Challenges in AI-ECG implementation require careful validation for safe clinical integration.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceDeep learningDigital healthElectrocardiogramInnovation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Informatics
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiography (AI-ECG) has evolved from experimental stages to clinical applications.
  • AI-ECG tools are increasingly deployed in healthcare settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and clinical utility of AI-ECG.
  • To summarize evidence on AI-ECG's performance in diverse populations and care settings.
  • To identify challenges and future directions for AI-ECG integration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent evidence from pragmatic randomized trials and prospective cohort studies.
  • Analysis of AI-ECG applications in arrhythmia detection, structural heart disease diagnosis, and digital biomarker development.

Main Results:

  • AI-ECG demonstrates consistent accuracy in identifying conditions like left ventricular systolic dysfunction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and atrial fibrillation.
  • Studies report improved diagnostic rates, earlier interventions, and reduced mortality in selected cases.
  • AI-ECG supports longitudinal risk monitoring and screening for systemic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • AI-ECG shows significant clinical promise for diagnosis and monitoring.
  • Challenges in model generalizability, workflow integration, and regulatory adaptation need to be addressed.
  • Rigorous validation and thoughtful deployment are crucial for safe and effective AI-ECG integration into routine care.