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Novel 3D/VR Interactive Environment for MD Simulations, Visualization and Analysis

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Accelerating mesh-based Monte Carlo simulations using contemporary graphics ray-tracing hardware.

Shijie Yan¹, Douglas Dwyer¹, David R Kaeli¹

¹Northeastern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Journal of Biomedical Optics

|March 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces RT-MMC, a faster method for simulating light-tissue interactions using hardware-accelerated ray tracing. This innovation significantly speeds up Monte Carlo simulations for biophotonics applications.

Keywords:

Mesh-based Monte Carlo Monte Carlo method computer graphics graphics processing unit light transport ray-tracing

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Optics
Computational Physics
Medical Imaging

Background:

Monte Carlo (MC) methods are accurate for light-tissue interaction modeling.
Mesh-based MC (MMC) uses tetrahedral meshes for precision but is computationally intensive.
Ray-boundary intersection tests limit MMC speed, even on GPUs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly accelerated MMC algorithm (RT-MMC).
To leverage GPU ray-tracing cores (RT-cores) for enhanced performance.
To simplify MMC workflows and improve simulation practicality.

Main Methods:

Implemented RT-MMC using NVIDIA's OptiX platform.
Extended graphics ray-tracing pipelines for volumetric ray-tracing in turbid media.
Eliminated the need for tetrahedral mesh generation.

Main Results:

RT-MMC achieved 1.5× to 4.5× speedups across GPU architectures.
Demonstrated excellent agreement with traditional software-based MMC.
Supported wide-field sources without mesh retessellation.

Conclusions:

Hardware-accelerated ray tracing significantly simplifies MMC workflows.
RT-MMC enhances the practicality of MMC for routine simulations.
Adoption of ray-tracing pipelines benefits biophotonics applications.