Perspective on the current state of hyperspectral/multispectral imaging for minimally invasive surgery

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) offers substantial benefits to patients, including reduced trauma and faster recovery. However, it limits visual and tactile feedback, which can affect surgical decision-making. Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging (HSI/MSI) are imaging technologies with the potential to provide detailed, real-time tissue characterization, enhancing minimally invasive intraoperative guidance.

This perspective aims to summarize the current state-of-the-art in the use of HSI/MSI in laparoscopy and endoscopy. It focuses on both technological development and clinical implementation, providing an overview of performance characteristics and translational state.

A structured literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. These were analyzed for key system specifications (spectral range, resolution, and acquisition speed) and clinical applications. The studies were further categorized using a "bench-to-bedside" framework to evaluate their level of translational progress.

The majority of studies fall within early translational stages (T1 to T2), with no reports of large-scale clinical trials. Most systems operate in the visible spectrum (450 to 650 nm), optimized for blood-related imaging. Applications include perfusion assessment, nerve visualization using short-wave infrared wavelengths, and tumor detection.

HSI/MSI for MIS is a rapidly developing field with demonstrated potential across a range of applications. Continued research and validation are essential to transition these technologies from experimental use to routine surgical practice.