Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

5.4K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
5.4K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.9K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
8.9K
Vision01:24

Vision

61.3K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
61.3K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

10.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.4K
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

5.5K
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
5.5K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

3.9K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hybrid optogenetic and electrical stimulation of retinal ganglion cells for artificial vision.

Brain stimulation·2025
Same author

Developmental transformations of Purkinje cells tracked by DNA electrokinetic mobility.

Cell reports methods·2025
Same author

CalliCog is an open-source cognitive neuroscience toolkit for freely behaving nonhuman primates.

Cell reports methods·2025
Same author

Developmental dynamics of marmoset prefrontal cortical SST and PV interneuron networks highlight primate-specific features.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Gene Knockout in the Developing Brain of Wild-Type Rodents by CRISPR In Utero Electroporation.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2025
Same author

Causal mechanisms of quadruple networks in pediatric bipolar disorder.

Psychological medicine·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Measuring Connectivity in the Primary Visual Pathway in Human Albinism Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography
13:26

Measuring Connectivity in the Primary Visual Pathway in Human Albinism Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography

Published on: August 11, 2016

12.8K

Widespread Corticothalamic Connectivity Identifies the Inferior Pulvinar as a Central Node in Visual Network

William C Kwan1, Angela Y Fan1,2, Andrea J Romanowski2

  • 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The medial pulvinar (PIm) integrates visual and motion signals from across the brain. This study precisely maps its cortical inputs, revealing PIm

More Related Videos

Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function
09:09

Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function

Published on: August 7, 2019

6.6K
Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Measuring Connectivity in the Primary Visual Pathway in Human Albinism Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography
13:26

Measuring Connectivity in the Primary Visual Pathway in Human Albinism Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography

Published on: August 11, 2016

12.8K
Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function
09:09

Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function

Published on: August 7, 2019

6.6K
Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Primate Neuroanatomy
  • Visual System Research

Background:

  • The medial subdivision of the inferior pulvinar (PIm) is linked to motion processing and visuomotor control.
  • Previous mapping of PIm's cortical inputs lacked anatomical specificity due to indirect methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely map the cortical afferents to the PIm in the common marmoset using MRI-guided, cytoarchitectonically restricted tracer injections.
  • To clarify the role of PIm within broader visual and visuomotor networks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized MRI-guided, retrograde tracer injections targeting specific PIm subdivisions in marmosets.
  • Systematically analyzed retrogradely labeled neurons across occipital, temporal, parietal, and cingulate cortices.
  • Employed semi-quantitative analyses to determine the relative contribution of different cortical regions.

Main Results:

  • Identified widespread cortical inputs to PIm, predominantly in layer V, from early/middle visual areas (V1-V6/DM), the middle temporal complex (MT/MTc/MST/FST), and posterior parietal regions (LIP, MIP, VIP, AIP, PFG, OPt).
  • Occipital and MT complex provided ~60% of inputs; parietal cortex contributed ~20%.
  • Observed additional projections from retrosplenial and posterior cingulate cortices.

Conclusions:

  • PIm acts as a central integrative node within distributed visual and visuomotor networks.
  • PIm coordinates motion, spatial, and action signals for visually-guided behavior.
  • PIm is not merely a visual relay but a key component in cortico-thalamocortical circuits.