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Related Concept Videos

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Labeling DNA Probes

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
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In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Molecular Probes for Sulfatase Detection and Bio-Imaging.

Subba Rao Cheekatla1, Seong Cheol Hong2, Muresan Anca Raluca1

  • 1School of Transdisciplinary Innovations & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|March 23, 2026
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Summary

This review explores advanced small-molecule probes for detecting sulfatase activity, crucial for understanding diseases like cancer and tuberculosis. These probes enable precise imaging and diagnostics for better disease management and therapeutic development.

Keywords:
affinity‐based designbioluminescencebio‐imagingcancer diagnosisenzymatic probeshigh‐throughput screeningnanoprobessulfatases

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Sulfatases are key enzymes regulating biomolecule sulfation, with abnormal activity linked to diseases like cancer, tuberculosis, and lysosomal storage disorders.
  • These enzymes are vital biomarkers and therapeutic targets due to their roles in human physiology and pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in small-molecule probes for selective sulfatase activity detection and imaging.
  • To highlight the design strategies and applications of enzyme-activatable probes for various imaging modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of small-molecule probes utilizing fluorescence, photoacoustic, and bioluminescence imaging modalities.
  • Discussion of enzyme-activatable probe mechanisms including self-immolative linkers, ICT, PET, ratiometric sensing, and AIE.
  • Review of substrate-based and affinity-based probe designs for various imaging techniques (NIRF/PA, chemiluminescence).

Main Results:

  • Development of highly specific and sensitive probes enabling real-time, noninvasive, and deep-tissue imaging of sulfatase activity.
  • Demonstration of activity-based sensing for steroid sulfatases (STS) in hormone-related cancers and bacterial sulfatases for mycobacterial differentiation.
  • Emerging strategies using nanoprobes and AIEgens show potential for image-guided surgery, diagnostics, and high-throughput screening.

Conclusions:

  • Innovations in sulfatase-targeted probes provide a robust framework for activity profiling, disease diagnostics, and inhibitor screening.
  • Spatiotemporal visualization of sulfatase activity in vitro and in vivo offers powerful capabilities for therapeutic monitoring.
  • This review inspires the development of novel activatable sensors for practical biomedical applications.