Mosquito-borne viral infections: veterinary diagnostic approach with a One Health perspective

The diagnosis of mosquito-borne viral infectious diseases can be challenging, in part due to the complexity of antibody cross-reactivity between many of these viruses. This is further complicated by the unpredictable nature of climatic variability affecting disease transmission, exotic virus incursion, and the potential emergence of new strains of viruses with increased virulence. A thorough understanding of virus biology, locally relevant transmission patterns, and principles of diagnostic tests is required for the investigation of suspected clinical cases. This review provides guidance for veterinarians, researchers, and policy-makers on the diagnosis and management of alphavirus and orthoflavivirus infections in animals with a One Health perspective, including interpretation of laboratory results. Biosecurity and biosafety considerations and the zoonotic potential of mosquito-borne infections are also discussed.