[Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology - Focus on Hemodynamics]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly finding its way into anesthesiology and intensive care medicine. In the context of hemodynamic assessment, the analysis of arterial blood pressure waveforms for the prediction of impending hypotension represents a prototypical application. Targeted use of such approaches has indeed been shown to reduce the severity and duration of hypotensive episodes. However, definitive evidence demonstrating a reduction in morbidity and mortality is still lacking and remains the subject of ongoing debate. Beyond this application, multiple additional potentially meaningful applications for AI in this field can be envisioned; however, most of these are still in early stages of development or evaluation. From the authors' perspective, a major limitation to the implementation of AI in anesthesiology and intensive care medicine is likely to be less the technology itself than the human factor. Clinicians must not only continuously monitor the validity of AI-generated information but also adapt their workflows to the requirements of modern technology. In addition, the currently unresolved issue of liability in the context of AI-assisted decision-making must be addressed and clarified in a legally robust manner through appropriate legislation.