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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles
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Safety Profile in Hyaluronic Acid-Based Vocal Fold Injection Augmentation.

Noah Thornton1, Ryan Stepp1, Vincent Nguyenkhoa1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

The Laryngoscope
|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyaluronic acid vocal fold injection augmentation (VFIA) shows a low complication rate, with inflammatory reactions resolving with treatment. Injection volume may influence risk, but COVID-19 vaccination status did not affect outcomes.

Keywords:
COVID‐19hyaluronic acidinflammatory complicationsvocal fold injection augmentationvocal fold paralysis

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Vocal fold augmentation
  • Medical device safety

Background:

  • Vocal fold injection augmentation (VFIA) using hyaluronic acid (HA) is a common procedure for voice restoration.
  • Assessing the safety profile and complication rates of HA-based VFIA is crucial for clinical practice.
  • Understanding factors influencing complications, such as injection volume and COVID-19 vaccination, is important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and complication rates of hyaluronic acid-based vocal fold injection augmentation (VFIA).
  • To specifically analyze inflammatory reactions, the impact of injection volume, and the association with COVID-19 vaccination status.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 299 VFIA procedures using Restylane-L.
  • Review of medical charts for patient demographics, injection details, and post-injection outcomes.
  • Analysis of complication rates and inflammatory reactions via videolaryngostroboscopy.

Main Results:

  • Overall complication rate was 4.0%, with inflammatory complications in 2.34% of cases.
  • Inflammatory symptoms appeared a mean of 4.3 days post-injection and resolved with corticosteroid therapy.
  • No significant association found between COVID-19 vaccination status and complication rates (p=0.84).

Conclusions:

  • Hyaluronic acid-based VFIA demonstrates a favorable safety profile with a low complication rate.
  • All identified inflammatory reactions were successfully managed with medical intervention.
  • Injection volume may warrant further investigation regarding its role in complication risk.