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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

[Pneumocephalus].

Ebba Katsler^1,2, Alexander Lilja-Cyron¹, Jane Skjøth-Rasmussen¹

¹Afdeling for Hjerne- og Nervekirurgi, Københavns Universitet - Rigshospitalet.

Ugeskrift for Laeger

|March 24, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pneumocephalus, or intracranial air, can cause headaches and a distinct splashing sound. While mild cases may resolve with conservative treatment or oxygen, severe cases can progress to life-threatening tension pneumocephalus requiring surgery.

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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

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Published on: March 12, 2020

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Radiology

Background:

Pneumocephalus is defined as intracranial air, commonly found in epidural, subdural, ventricular, or parenchymal spaces.
This condition can manifest with symptoms such as headache and a characteristic splashing sound during head movement.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathological condition of pneumocephalus.
To discuss its common locations, symptoms, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of pneumocephalus.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentation.
Evaluation of treatment modalities for simple and tension pneumocephalus.

Main Results:

Conservative treatment is advised for asymptomatic pneumocephalus.
Oxygen therapy aids in accelerating air resorption in mild symptomatic cases.
Progression to tension pneumocephalus is a critical concern, potentially necessitating urgent neurosurgical intervention.

Conclusions:

Pneumocephalus management varies based on symptom severity and progression.
Early recognition and appropriate intervention are crucial for favorable outcomes.
Understanding the potential for progression to tension pneumocephalus is vital for clinical decision-making.