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Related Concept Videos

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Fast and Trap-Minimized Li Transport via Size-Mismatch-Driven Cation-Ordering Control in Li-Excess Disordered

Jinho Ahn1,2, Bonyoung Ku1,2, Hyunji Kweon1,2

  • 1Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.

ACS Nano
|March 24, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new low-entropy disordered rocksalt (DRX) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries by incorporating titanium. This strategy suppresses short-range cation ordering, enhancing lithium-ion transport and boosting energy density for improved battery performance.

Keywords:
cation-disordered rocksalt cathodescation-orderingelectrostatic interactionslow-entropysize-mismatch

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Li-excess cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) cathodes offer high energy densities for lithium-ion batteries.
  • Short-range cation ordering (SRCO) in DRX materials impedes lithium-ion transport and capacity.
  • Existing methods to suppress SRCO often involve complex high-entropy compositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for suppressing SRCO in DRX cathodes without complex high-entropy compositions.
  • To investigate the effect of Ti4+ incorporation on the structure and electrochemical performance of Li-Nb/Mn DRX.
  • To optimize the composition for enhanced lithium-ion transport and energy density.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized Li-excess disordered rocksalt materials with varying Ti content (Li1.2Nb0.15Mn0.55Ti0.1O2 and Li1.2Nb0.1Mn0.5Ti0.2O2).
  • Characterized materials using electrochemical methods to evaluate capacity, energy density, and rate capability.
  • Analyzed structural properties to understand the impact of Ti incorporation on cation ordering and lithium-ion mobility.

Main Results:

  • Incorporation of Ti4+ into Li-Nb/Mn DRX effectively suppressed SRCO by tuning electrostatic interactions and cation size mismatch.
  • The optimized low-entropy composition (Li1.2Nb0.15Mn0.55Ti0.1O2) demonstrated significantly enhanced Li+ transport, reduced voltage hysteresis, and improved structural stability.
  • This composition achieved a high capacity of ~327 mAh g-1 and energy density of ~1026 Wh kg-1, outperforming the Ti-free counterpart.

Conclusions:

  • Simultaneous tuning of electrostatic interactions and cation size effects via Ti4+ incorporation is a viable strategy to suppress SRCO in DRX cathodes.
  • Optimized low-entropy DRX materials offer a promising pathway for developing high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
  • Compositional balance is crucial for maximizing the benefits of Ti incorporation in DRX cathode design.