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How Occupation Is Taught and Assessed in Occupational Therapy Education: A Scoping Review.

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This review highlights that while occupation is central to occupational therapy education, its teaching and assessment need improvement. Educators should adopt more authentic methods to deepen students' understanding of occupation.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy Education
  • Pedagogy in Health Professions

Background:

  • Occupation is the foundational concept in occupational therapy and occupational science.
  • Effective teaching and assessment of occupation are crucial for professional development but are not well understood.
  • Existing literature and professional dialogue on this topic require further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the teaching and assessment of the concept of occupation.
  • To identify gaps in the professional discourse regarding occupational therapy and occupational science education.
  • To understand how knowledge about occupation is currently imparted and evaluated in academic settings.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework.
  • Searched major electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL.
  • Included 54 peer-reviewed articles published between 1993 and 2023 focusing on the teaching, learning, or assessment of occupation in occupational therapy or occupational science.

Main Results:

  • The most prevalent educational perspective was 'occupation as a way of seeing practice'.
  • Teaching occupation as a distinct concept, separate from direct practice, was a prominent approach.
  • Experiential learning emerged as a frequently utilized instructional strategy.
  • Assessment of occupation was significantly less represented in the literature compared to teaching methods.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational therapy educators must enhance their understanding of occupation.
  • There is a need to implement authentic instructional approaches that foster transformative learning experiences for students.
  • Improving the teaching and assessment of occupation is essential for strengthening students' core professional knowledge.