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From Womb to Weaning: Microbial Signals That Shape the Developing Brain
Hadar Neuman1, Asif Shitrit2, Sondra Turjeman2
1Zefat Academic College, Safed, Israel.
Background:
The gut microbiota plays a vital role in shaping brain development through complex bidirectional communication within the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Emerging evidence highlights neural, immune, endocrine, metabolic, and epigenetic pathways by which gut microbes influence neurodevelopmental processes.
Summary:
This review synthesizes current knowledge on the temporal dynamics of gut colonization and brain maturation. Drawing on mechanistic insights from animal models, we emphasize the central role of the maternal microbiota and particularly, microbially derived metabolites that cross the feto-placental barrier and shape fetal brain development. We also discuss molecular and cellular targets of microbial influence, implications for neurodevelopmental disorders, and potential therapeutic strategies.
Key Messages:
Understanding these interactions opens new avenues for early-life interventions aimed at optimizing neurodevelopments and preventing neuropsychiatric conditions.
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