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Related Concept Videos

Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

A Sectioning, Coring, and Image Processing Guide for High-Throughput Cortical Bone Sample Procurement and Analysis for Synchrotron Micro-CT
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Bone-cartilage interfaces: An imaging perspective.

Frank W Roemer1, Ali Guermazi2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen & Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 3, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH Building, 4th floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA.

Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced MRI techniques offer better visualization of the bone-cartilage interface, crucial for understanding joint health. Considering the interconnectedness of joint tissues is vital for personalized treatment strategies.

Keywords:
BoneCartilageDelaminationImagingMRIPerspectiveSkeletal Interfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The bone-cartilage interface, the boundary between subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage, is challenging to visualize directly.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) advancements, particularly ultrashort echo time (TE) sequences, enable direct visualization of the osteochondral junction.
  • The clinical significance of these visualized findings is still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the visualization and clinical relevance of the cartilage-bone interface using MRI.
  • To discuss the osteo-chondral-meniscal unit concept and its implications for disease progression.
  • To review cartilage classification systems and the role of CT arthrography.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced MRI sequences, including ultrashort echo time (TE) techniques.
  • Analyzing the concept of the osteo-chondral-meniscal unit.
  • Evaluating cartilage classification systems, including the International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society (ICRS) system.
  • Considering Computed Tomography (CT) arthrography for surface morphology assessment.

Main Results:

  • Advanced MRI allows direct visualization of the osteochondral junction.
  • Cumulative subregional joint damage increases cartilage damage progression risk.
  • Cartilage delaminations, often caused by shear forces, may require surgical treatment and can be missed during arthroscopy.
  • The ICRS cartilage classification system incorporates osteochondral interface damage, unlike many other systems.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced MRI techniques provide comprehensive evaluation of the cartilage-bone interface.
  • Individualized treatment strategies should consider the interconnectedness of joint tissues at a subregional level.