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Temporal Variations and Sociodemographic Differences in no Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Among Adolescents: A 10-Year
Weijun Yu1, Raphael H O Araujo2, Cain Clark3
1School of Teacher Education (School of Physical Education), Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China.
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|March 25, 2026
Summary
Over 28% of US adolescents report no muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE), a figure that rose from 2011-2021. Girls, older teens, Black adolescents, and those with weight issues were more likely to not engage in MSE.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Adolescent Health
- Exercise Science
Background:
- Physical activity (PA) is crucial for health, yet the muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) component is understudied.
- No or low physical activity is an emerging health risk indicator.
- Current PA guidelines emphasize both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of no muscle-strengthening exercise (no-MSE) among US adolescents.
- To identify sociodemographic factors associated with no-MSE.
- To analyze trends in no-MSE from 2011 to 2021.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 78,697 US adolescents (aged 14-17) from the 2011-2021 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.
- Employed survey-weighted binary logistic regression to analyze associations between sociodemographics and no-MSE.
- Defined no-MSE as zero days of muscle-strengthening exercise per week.
Main Results:
- 28.5% of adolescents reported no-MSE.
- Girls, older adolescents (16-17 years), Black/African American adolescents, and those with underweight, overweight, or obesity were more likely to report no-MSE.
- The prevalence of no-MSE significantly increased from 2011 to 2021 across all subgroups (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Over one in four US adolescents do not meet MSE recommendations.
- Significant disparities exist in MSE participation based on gender, age, race/ethnicity, and weight status.
- Urgent need for targeted interventions and policies to improve MSE access and equity for adolescents.
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