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Machine learning for medication error detection: a scoping review protocol.

Félicien Hêche1, Anthony Yazdani2, Sohrab Ferdowsi2

  • 1Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland felicien.heche@unige.ch.

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|March 25, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Machine learning (ML) shows promise for detecting and predicting medication errors. This review maps ML applications in healthcare to improve medication safety and identify future research directions.

Keywords:
Artificial IntelligenceClinical Decision-MakingHealth & safetyHealth informaticsMachine LearningRisk Assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Informatics
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Medication errors remain a significant public health concern despite existing interventions.
  • Machine learning (ML) offers a data-driven approach to enhance medication error detection and prediction.
  • Existing solutions require more effective and scalable methods to address persistent medication errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and map the literature on ML-based approaches for medication error prediction and detection.
  • To identify the scope of ML applications across the medication use process.
  • To characterize methodological trends and pinpoint knowledge gaps in ML for medication safety.

Main Methods:

  • Adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline.
  • Comprehensive literature searches in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from January 2015 to April 2025.
  • Extraction and analysis of data on ML models, data sources, evaluation methods, and clinical contexts using descriptive statistics, visualizations, thematic analysis, and narrative synthesis.

Main Results:

  • The review will identify and categorize various ML models and techniques applied to medication error detection and prediction.
  • Analysis will reveal trends in data sources, evaluation metrics, and clinical settings where ML is utilized.
  • Key knowledge gaps and limitations in the current research landscape will be highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • ML presents a significant opportunity to advance medication safety through improved error detection and prediction.
  • This scoping review will provide a structured overview to guide future research and clinical implementation of ML in medication safety.
  • Findings will support the development of data-informed strategies for safer medication practices.