Decoding psoriasis: pathological mechanisms, evolving treatments, clinical investigations, and future perspectives

Area of Science:

• Dermatology and Immunology
• Genetics and Molecular Biology
• Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Background:

• Psoriasis pathogenesis involves complex genetic and molecular mechanisms, including immune dysregulation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation.
• Key genetic associations like HLA-Cw6, IL-12B, and IL-23R are crucial for understanding disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current psoriasis management practices and emerging technologies.
• To emphasize the role of genetic and molecular insights in guiding therapeutic development for psoriasis.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of published experimental studies, clinical trials, and authoritative reviews.
• Analysis of genetic, molecular, and immunological aspects of psoriasis.
• Evaluation of conventional, systemic, and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Genetic understanding has clarified psoriasis pathogenesis, guiding therapeutic development.
• Biologics targeting TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23 pathways significantly improve outcomes for moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
• Emerging molecular therapeutics and nanotechnology drug delivery systems show promise but are under investigation.

Conclusions:

• Advances in understanding psoriasis genetics and molecular mechanisms have led to improved treatments.
• Conventional and biologic therapies remain mainstays, with ongoing research into novel approaches.
• Multidisciplinary care and integration of mechanistic insights are vital for future psoriasis management.