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Dendrocin ZM1 Nanoconjugates with Carbon Quantum Dots: A ROS-Generating Platform for Combating Multidrug-Resistant

Sima Sadat Seyedjavadi1, Hadi Zare-Zardini2, Leili Sharif Bakhtiar3

  • 1Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.

International Journal of Nanomedicine
|March 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel nanoconjugate of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The Dendrocin ZM1-CQD nanoconjugate shows enhanced antimicrobial activity and reduced toxicity, offering a promising new therapeutic strategy.

Keywords:
antimicrobial peptidescarbon quantum dotsdendrocin ZM1multidrug resistancenanoconjugatesreactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Nanobiotechnology
  • Antimicrobial Research
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Rising global incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections necessitates novel antimicrobial strategies.
  • Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) like Dendrocin ZM1 show therapeutic promise but suffer from poor stability and cytotoxicity.
  • Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) offer potential for enhancing AMP properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a nanoconjugate of Dendrocin ZM1 and CQDs.
  • To evaluate the enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of the nanoconjugate against MDR bacteria.
  • To assess the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the Dendrocin ZM1-CQD nanoconjugate.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of Dendrocin ZM1-CQD nanoconjugates using FTIR, XPS, TEM, DLS, and fluorescence spectroscopy.
  • Evaluation of antibacterial activity via MIC determination, time-killing kinetics, and ROS production assays.
  • Assessment of biocompatibility using hemolysis and MTT assays on human red blood cells and HEK-293 cells.

Main Results:

  • Dendrocin ZM1-CQDs exhibited a 2-4 fold reduction in MIC values compared to Dendrocin ZM1 alone.
  • Rapid bactericidal kinetics showed a ≥3-log10 CFU/mL reduction within 30-60 min at 2x MIC.
  • Nanoconjugates demonstrated significantly increased intracellular ROS levels, confirming ROS-mediated killing, with >90% cell viability and <8% hemolysis at high concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Dendrocin ZM1-CQD nanoconjugates significantly enhance antimicrobial efficacy against MDR pathogens.
  • The developed nanoconjugates exhibit excellent biocompatibility with low toxicity to mammalian cells.
  • This synergistic AMP-CQD combination represents a promising nanobiotechnology platform for next-generation antimicrobial therapeutics.