[Preventing dementia in an ageing society]

The prevention of dementia syndromes is becoming increasingly important. Previous studies have shown that around 40 % of dementia risk factors are modifiable. A total of 61 factors have been described, with the highest level of evidence for 12 factors, such as cardiovascular risk factors, hearing loss and depression. Particular focus is being placed on previously underestimated risk factors such as early menopause, other mental illnesses - especially bipolar disorder - as well as herpes zoster and physical inactivity. Consistent and early treatment of these risk factors - including new antidiabetic drugs, hearing aids, treatment of mental illness, vaccinations against herpes zoster, increased social interaction and regular high-intensity physical activity - can have a positive impact on the risk of dementia. In the future, more attention and screening will be needed, particularly with regard to factors specific to women, such as early menopause. Multimodal early dementia prevention through lifestyle changes and a socially and physically active lifestyle not only reduces risk but also delays the onset of the disease.