Development and Evaluation of a Smartphone-assisted Self-reflection Program for Medication Administration in Newly...

This study developed and evaluated a smartphone-assisted self-reflection program for medication administration among newly graduated nurses using Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE). A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. In the quantitative strand, a one-group pre-test-post-test design was used with 77 newly graduated nurses to examine changes in confidence before and after the intervention, along with program satisfaction and flow. In the qualitative strand, conventional content analysis explored participants' experiences with smartphone-assisted self-reflection through in-depth interviews with 10 participants. The program involved smartphone video recording of medication administration process, self-assessment using a structured checklist, and a group debriefing. Confidence in medication administration significantly improved after implementation ( P < .001). Program satisfaction (mean = 4.66; median = 4.88) and flow (mean = 4.33; median = 4.40) were high, with scores above 4 out of 5. The qualitative analysis identified 3 main themes: learning through self-observation in videos, learning through a group debriefing, and growth through mistakes. Joint display integration demonstrated convergence between the quantitative outcomes (confidence, program satisfaction, and flow) and qualitative themes related to safer medication administration practice. The smartphone-assisted self-reflection program may be an effective educational strategy for enhancing medication administration skills and reflective practices among newly graduated nurses.